The article is devoted to the history of the formation and development of the Faculty of Global Processes of Moscow State University, one of the youngest faculties of Moscow University, the twentieth anniversary of which falls on the year of the 270th anniversary of the first university in Russia. The stages of the formation of the faculty are highlighted, its main achievements and role in the development of science, education, scientific and diplomatic activities of Moscow University are noted. The key areas of development of the faculty and events dedicated to the anniversary of Moscow University are noted.
Keywords: anniversary of Moscow State University, faculty of global studies, globalistics, scientific diplomacy.

One of the functions assigned to the Faculty of Global Processes at Moscow State University is to carry out fundamental work on the application of mathematical methods to analyze completely different socio-political, economic and cultural processes on planet Earth as a successor to the Club of Rome. The faculty’s experience in this area for more than 15 years shows that this area continues to live and develop, and is also transmitted to our younger generation through lectures and textbooks in the classroom. The paper presents the results of the faculty’s activities in the field of mathematical modeling of global processes as one of the scientific areas of work.
Key words: mathematical modeling, Club of Rome, nonlinear dynamics, Faculty of Global Processes, global studies.

The Department of Globalistics was one of the first to appear at the Faculty of Global Processes. The order for its establishment was signed on June 10, 2008. It included outstanding scientists: professors and associate professors, including Academician Arkady Dmitrievich Ursul and a well-known specialist in the history of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V.A. Zmeev. Today, two prestigious scholarships, awarded to students of the faculty for significant achievements in scientific research and studies, have been named after them (posthumously). The head of the department is the Dean of the Faculty, Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor Ilya Vyacheslavovich Ilyin.
Key words: Department of Globalistics, Faculty of Global Processes, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

The article discusses the history of the creation and development of the Department of Geopolitics of the Faculty of Global Processes of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. The main attention is paid to the employees of the department, who constitute its main potential. The educational and methodological work is reflected, the courses taught by the department’s staff are characterized. The Department of Geopolitics pays great attention to working with graduate students. An important component of the work of the Department of Geopolitics is scientific work and the publication activity that reflects it. In conclusion, prospects for the development of the Department of Geopolitics are outlined.
Key words: Department of Geopolitics, Faculty of Global Processes, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, personalities, educational and methodological work, scientific work, publication activity.

The head of the UNESCO Chair at the Faculty of Global Processes of the Moscow State University tells about the formation and development of the Chair, its uniqueness, various aspects of its activities, existing achievements and plans for the future.
Key words: UNESCO Chair, education, international relations.

Abstract. The article analyzes current global studies of the development of the modern world at the department touches upon social processes and work with young people of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov: philosophical, sociological, political, economic approaches. The article substantiates and reveals the goals and objectives of the department’s development, reflection of research work, as well as participation and organization in conferences. Particular attention is paid to such a process as social transformation and its role in the social uncertainty of the modern world. The main goal of studying current issues of research of the modern world allows us to provide proposals for optimizing the earliest possible exit of mankind to the path of development. A separate necessary block in the article is the preservation of the philosophical approach to the study of global development: it allows us to study global objects and processes as complex systems, the external interaction of their elements. In addition, the article also reflects the socio-cultural approach, which allows us to consider and solve problems of global development, including in the educational process. The political approach to solving problems is based on the study of transparent diplomacy as one of the revolutionary tools for restoring public health functions, which, in turn, need modern support. One of the points of view on economic security solves the most important problems – updating the quality of scientific forecasts of development not only in individual countries and regions, but also throughout the world. Thus, the article examines and proposes a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the study of current problems of global development of the modern world.
Key words: current research on global development, social uncertainty, sustainable development, philosophical approach, sociological approach, political approach, economic approach.

The article examines the origin and development of the Global Communications Chair at the Faculty of Global Studies of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The attention is focused on such important areas as scientific, educational and methodological work of the chair, it being represented by scientific publications, monographs, textbooks and manuals of the department staff. Much attention is paid to lecturing in foreign languages, holding scientific events and organizing dialogues with scientists from other countries and educational institutions. The article scrutinizes an innovative potential of many courses developed at the chair, especially the ones for professional communication. In conclusion, the prospects for the development of the chair are outlined.
Key words: Chair of Global Communications, scientific work, educational and methodological work, communication environment, globalization of cultural sphere.

The Department of Management Theory and Technology has been recreated and is successfully functioning at the Faculty of Global Processes, solving current problems of modernization of higher professional education set by the Rector of Moscow State University, Academician V.A. Sadovnichy and the dean of the faculty, Professor I.V. Ilyin. The staff of the department carries out the functions of educational, educational-methodological, scientific-research, educational and social work in accordance with the Charter of Moscow State University and the regulations and documents in force at the university. The teaching staff of the department is actively working on updating and updating the working curricula and work programs of disciplines in the areas of training in bachelor’s and master’s degrees, and is training postgraduate students. Priority attention is paid to scientific activities on the issues of global economics and management, research on the processes of regionalization and digitalization of the global economic space. International cooperation with the People’s Republic of China is developing.
Key words: university department, Moscow State University, educational work, scientific research, educational and social activities.

The article is devoted to the study of the development of the Department of Political Science of the East, the analysis of its scientific, pedagogical and research activities. The efforts of the department staff since its establishment were aimed at the development and implementation of high-quality new curricula, programs, lecture courses, textbooks and teaching aids so that students could get an adequate idea of ​​the real processes in the socio-economic and political development of the countries of Asia and Africa. Global upheavals of the late 20th century, the process of formation of the young Russian state and its role in the international arena, the problems of reforming higher education and, in parallel with this, the establishment of political science – all this was reflected in numerous discussions of that period, then duly developed in theoretical and applied research by employees and graduate students of the department.
Key words: Moscow University, political science, international relations, oriental studies, political development.

Globalization has not only changed modern international relations, but also introduced significant adjustments to their theoretical understanding. Positivist theories, which reign supreme in the interpretation of international relations throughout the 20th century, are being replaced by post-positivism more and more confidently in the new century. Post-positivist theories began with constructivism, which is an intermediate theory and borrows features from both of these directions. The article describes the emergence and development of constructivism and formulates its main provisions. The views of the main representatives of constructivism – N. Onuf, F. Kratochvil and A. Wendt – were reflected. Key concepts of international relations are examined, such as identity, national interests and international security in the context of constructivism.
Keywords: Social construction of reality, symbolic interactionism, identity, speech act theory, interactive knowledge, identity, securitization.

On April 11, 2024, the first trilateral summit between the United States, Japan and the Philippines took place at the White House. The joint statement issued following the meeting can be described as an open and clear document, it states that the summit was “historic”, “the pinnacle of decades of partnership” [1]. The three countries will work together to build a free and open Indo-Pacific, a region of active engagement, prosperous, secure, inclusive.
The international alliance being created is an important vector of American global policy. Understanding the significance of this alliance, its influence on regional and global security seems relevant in the context of the transformation of the world order.
Based on an analysis of signed relevant documents, this article attempts to summarize the areas of cooperation where the United States, Japan, and the Philippines have reached consensus. The purpose of the study is to attempt to assess the significance of the formation of a trilateral security partnership between the United States, Japan and the Philippines and the forecast for the regional order, including for China, based on this round of interaction between the three countries and their motivation to further deepen cooperation.
Keywords: U.S.-Japan-Philippines summit, security and defense cooperation, motivations of the three countries to deepen cooperation, consequences of the trilateral security partnership.

At the moment, the following trends of interaction between China and Central Asian countries can be distinguished. The first is the strengthening of economic and trade cooperation. China is actively investing in various infrastructure, energy and transport projects in the region, which con-tributes to strengthening ties and creates conditions for economic development. The second is the expansion of China’s influence in the political sphere of Central Asia. China actively conducts diplomatic and political work in the region, maintaining friendly relations with the governments of Central Asian countries. China’s influence in the international arena in the region is increasing and can influence the decision-making of important political issues. The third is the strengthening of cultural and educational ties between China and the countries of Central Asia. China is actively developing student exchange, cultural programs and cooperation in the field of education. This contributes to the expansion of mutual understanding and stimulates the development of cultural ties between countries. The fourth is the fear of the Central Asian states that China’s economic influence in the region may lead to an increase of its political influence. The strengthening of China’s political influence in Central Asia is manifested in establishing friendly relations with the govern-ments of the countries of the region and building partnership dialogues on important political issues. Conclusions. China is striving to strengthen and develop its position in the Central Asian region. As part of its «One Belt, One Road» initiative, China sets the task of developing transport and energy infrastructures in this region, which should con-tribute to the growth of economic ties between China and the countries of Central Asia. Nevertheless, taking into account the cultural peculiarities of the region, China’s interaction with the countries of Central Asia, in addition to the economic component, should be supported by the implementation of «soft power» tools to create and maintain a positive image.
Keywords: Central Asia, China, mass media, publications, cooperation, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, One Belt, One Road» initiative

The article is devoted to the study of the “One Belt – One Road” (OBOR) initiative with the aim to identify its unique role in the economic diplomacy of People’s Republic of China. In order to achieve this goal, the study clarified the essence of “economic diplomacy” concept and identified China’s foreign policy objectives. This made it possible to formulate China’s economic diplomacy objectives and demonstrate the role of the initiative in their execution.
The use of economic diplomacy concept as a theoretical framework for the “One Belt – One Road” initiative analysis is the scientific novelty of the study. This approach enabled, firstly, to formulate the political and economic objectives of China’s economic diplomacy. Secondly, to show the relationship between politics and economics in PCR’s foreign policy. Thirdly, systematically demonstrate the unique role of the initiative in delivering the identified objectives.
The main sources for the study were official documents and statements of the People’s Republic of China leaders, data and reports from the World Trade Organization and other online databases. The research papers of Russian and foreign scholars in the fields of economic diplomacy, international political economy, foreign policy and economy of the People’s Republic of China and OBOR initiative were investigated as a part of the study.
The study has demonstrated that OBOR initiative makes it possible to deliver the entire range of economic and political objectives of the China’s economic diplomacy. At the same time, its uniqueness lies in overcoming the geographical and content limitations of the standard mechanisms of interstate economic cooperation. OBOR helps to create China-centric international economic regime bypassing the existing global governance institutions dominated by the United States. As a result it is concluded that “One Belt, One Road” initiative is one of the key tools in achieving China’s leadership in international influence and promoting the concept of a “community of the common destiny of mankind.”
Key words: national economic interests, foreign policy objectives, international political economy, international institutions and regimes, China’s foreign policy, geo-economics, international competition and protectionism.

The article is devoted to the problem of building scientific and technological cooperation between the BRICS countries through the development of priority areas in modern conditions. The purpose was to determine the current state of interaction between the BRICS countries in the field of science, technology and innovation. Since the BRICS countries have significant resources, their cooperation in science and technology becomes one of the determining factors in the development of the world. The author examined the main obstacles that prevent BRICS from becoming an international center of scientific and technological development. They are a lack of funding and foreign direct investment, dependence on natural resources and Western sanctions. The recommendations relate to the participation of development banks and institutional investors in stimulating partnerships among BRICS member states and in addressing the goal of de-dollarization of internal BRICS transactions, the creation of a common BRICS currency and bilateral joint investment funds, as well as promoting international unity, the introduction of green technologies, digitalization and the creation of human capital. At the end of the article, there is a conclusion about the high potential of scientific and technological cooperation between the BRICS countries.
Key words: scientific and technological cooperation, BRICS, scientific and technological progress, R&D.

Fragmentation and Organizational Complexity of Colombian Criminal Organizations)
The article hypothesizes that the internal armed conflict in Colombia which was initially waged in the form of an irregular war has in recent years transformed into a non-classical war in the form of a criminal insurgency. In a criminal insurgency the state is opposed by non-state violent actors primarily highly developed criminal organizations that de facto pursue political goals when they reach a sufficiently high evolutionary level. The aim of the article is to show the transformation of irregular war in Colombia into non-classical war in the form of criminal insurgency. It has been established that many Colombian non-state violent actors including guerrillas and far-right paramilitary groups have almost completed their criminalization having lost their political and ideological motivation. Together with other criminal organizations they are fragmenting and becoming more complex corresponding to a signs of third-generation gangs and partly third-generation cartels. It has been revealed that a significant factor in the fragmentation of Colombian guerrilla and far-right paramilitary organizations is their demobilization. The emergence of criminal organizations is also due to the fragmentation of the pre-existing Medellin Cartel and Cali Cartel. It is concluded that fragmented guerrilla organizations and far-right paramilitary groups which subsequently transformed into criminal organizations along with highly organized gangs are able to de facto achieve or strive to achieve political goals including through control over certain territories of the state.
Keywords: Colombia, internal armed conflict, non-classical wars, criminal insurgency, irregular war, non-state violent actors, criminal organizations, fragmentation, networkization.

This article shows the consideration of modern challenges and changes in the world order with an emphasis on the transition to a new polycentric world of regions. It argues that the global system is undergoing a radical transformation, and outlines the characteristics, global trends, and tendencies in shaping the new world order. In order to determine the nature of contradictory factors influencing the global order, the article explores global trends in world politics within the context of globalization and its recent changes. Special attention is given to identifying the global trajectories of political transformations in the contemporary world, characterized by high instability and uncertainty. The article elaborates on the key contours of the emerging new world order, as well as the associated critical threats, challenges, risks, and prospects.
Key words: global structure, global governance, world order, postmodern, sustainable development, Westphalian system, unipolarity, polycentrism, civilization, actor, Cold War, geopolitics, crisis.
DOI: 10.56429/2414-4894-2024-47-1-03-22

The article presents the rationale for the approach to understanding global law as an emerging direction of legal regulation of international relations arising between the subjects of a polycentric system of international relations in the process of forming a multipolar world. Considering the crisis of international law and international organizations, justified in the text of the article on the example of the UN, in accordance with the author’s approach, in order to implement the concept of multipolarity, the key actors in the regionalization of political processes will have to establish a world conference aimed at adopting a global declaration of multipolarity. Global law, based on the global declaration of multipolarity, is designed to eliminate the gaps in international legal regulation that have arisen as a result of globalization and regionalization of political processes, as well as to establish global principles and priorities of international relations in a multipolar world. The relevance of the study is justified by the trends in the formation of a polycentric system of international relations and the distribution of spheres of influence between its centers. These trends are considered by the author in the context of the formation of a multipolar world. The present study aims to solve the problems of the concept of multipolarity. According to the author of the article, this decision relates to global law as a system of norms regulating relations between the subjects of a multipolar world. To substantiate the results of the study, the text of the article presents the relationship between international law and the concept of “rule-based order”. The irreversibility of the need to convene a world conference to establish a global declaration of multipolarity and form the foundations of global law on the principles of decentralization of global regulation of international relations is substantiated. The article presents the results of a study of the prerequisites for global law, its concept, subject, method and subject composition of international relations in a multipolar world.
Key words: global law, multipolarity, polycentricity, global declaration of multipolarity, crisis of international law, globalization of political processes, regionalization of political processes, decentralized system of global regulation of international affairs.
DOI: 10.56429/2414-4894-2024-47-1-23-38

The current trends of political, economic and social changes in the world, for the most part, are completely new in contrast to what was before. So, for example, the tendencies of the Great French, February or October revolutions – mass character, insurrection, violent character, complete overthrow of the previous system – in the XXI century actually completely disappeared and were replaced by a so-called completely new technologies of “color revolutions” used in various countries to change political leaders (and not state building, as it was before) through the democratization of the country by external actors. In addition, despite the more peaceful nature, new technologies do not have an effect in all countries, for example, the events in the USA (2011) and France (2018 – present) have demonstrated that in countries with a typical democratic political regime, the technologies of changing the political elite do not work, unlike those countries that do not has centuries of experience in building democratic principles and has only now begun to move towards the democratization of the system. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct an evolutionary analysis of the theory of revolutions in order to identify the stages, causes, features and trends of development in this area of the development of political sciences. In addition, the problem of versatility and ambiguity in the definition of the concept of “revolution” is now of the most urgent nature and requires a systematic approach to analysis.
Key words: socio-political destabilization, revolution, color revolutions, classical revolutions, evolution.
DOI: 10.56429/2414-4894-2024-47-1-39-56

Within the context of great power competition, the study of strategic theory holds significant importance for the maintenance of national security. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the bait and bleed strategy, and improve the theoretical framework and implementation pathways of the bait and bleed strategy. It explicates how the United States, through the execution of the bait and bleed strategy, achieves the prolonged attrition of its competitors, thereby preserving its relative power and the stability of its global hegemony. J. Mearsheimer, in “The Tragedy of Great Power Politics”, defines the “bait and bleed strategy” as one of the core strategies employed by the United States in its global pursuit of power and hegemony. Building upon this foundation, this article categorizes the implementation pathways of the bait and bleed strategy into two modes: seduction and provocation. When bait serves as a means of seducing others, decision-makers, beset by internal and external troubles, often opt for strategic compromises in exchange for bait that could alleviate their immediate predicaments. Consequently, they fall into traps stealthily pre-set by those who deploy the bait. On the other hand, when bait serves as a means of provoking others, states lacking a sense of security and possessing a strong perception of threat, are prone to entanglement in a security dilemma with a supported competitor, and may even resort to war, leading to prolonged attrition for themselves. This article employs two pioneering historical cases to examine the theoretical framework proposed above: NATO’s enticement of Russia to concede on the issue of German reunification, and its provocation of Russia, leading to its prolonged attrition in the Ukrainian crisis. The research findings indicate that the bait and bleed strategy is a significant strategic tool for the United States and its allies to exhaust and isolate their primary competitors. It is only by fully weighing the structural contradictions and long-term objectives of the competitors within the context of great power strategic competition, and by achieving rational and restrained decision-making, that the strategic risks of falling into bait and bleed traps can be mitigated.
Key words: great power competition, bait and bleed strategy, Russia-Ukraine conflict, NATO Eastern expansion.
DOI: 10.56429/2414-4894-2024-47-1-57-79

One of the trends of digitalization processes is the imposing of digital currencies aimed at simplifying and enhancing the transparency of settlements. China is actively promoting the digital yuan through the existing payment infrastructure. However, the country also faces a number of obstacles caused by U.S. sanctions’ pressure, as well as the emergence of digital currencies in a number of other states. Despite this, in international finance, there is a decrease in interest on the part of states in using the U.S. dollar in international settlements, which creates new conditions for the active development of the Chinese digital currency. In the course of the work, both general scientific methods were used, as well as special research methods such as collecting scientific sources, collecting information, economic and statistical analysis, SWOT analysis and scenario method. Within the framework of the article, a schematic description of the two-level digital yuan system was presented, strengths, weaknesses, threats, as well as scenarios for the development of the Chinese digital currency were identified. It was determined that the growth rate of the digital yuan is steadily growing, which is accompanied by an increasing trend towards a decrease in interest in the use of the dollar in international finance. Analysis of trends in the development of the digital yuan showed that the most promising development scenario in the coming years is the active conclusion of bilateral economic agreements with other countries related to the transition to the yuan in international settlements, as well as an increase in the number of wallets among the population of the country (wallets are owned by just over 10 percent of the population).
Key words: digital currency, digital yuan, digitalization, digital economy, international finance, cryptocurrency, world economy.
DOI: 10.56429/2414-4894-2024-47-1-80-95

FRG’s foreign policy has been facing the shifting the balance between two groups of factors to the second one. The groups are the historical responsibility of Germany as the key aggressor in the Second World War and German’s interest to ensure the widest possible military-strategic presence on the world stage. The growing importance of the second factor stimulates the growing of geopolitical determination in the usage of the Bundeswehr outside the NATO’s zone of responsibility. In this regard the article tries to explore the ratio between the geopolitical and integration reasons. The scientific paper bases on the usage of the documents of the Bundestag, Office of the Federal Chancellor, Ministry of Defence and also NATO. The author uses the neoliberalism and neorealism theories, the method of comparative analysis. The article explores the importance of geopolitical reasons in Germany’s military activity in the Balkans, in Somali (the Horn of Africa), Afghanistan (the Middle East), in the Near East and in the northern parts of Africa. The author shows the opportunities for camouflage of geopolitical reasons under integration in FRG’s military activity. FRG has been increasing noticeably the contribution to and role in the system of confrontations between the “liberal democracies” and key non-Western actors (Russia, China and Iran). The tendency is de-facto accompanied by increasing importance of geopolitical reasons in German military activity at the global level. It will lead to removal of informal taboos, open discussion about the role of geopolitical factors in German socio-political and scientific discourse in the future. The scientific paper stresses the importance of geopolitical factors for the usage of the Bundeswehr outside the NATO’s zone of responsibility, especially for the key cases (in Afghanistan and Mali).
Key words: Germany, Bundeswehr, military presence, global level, integration, association, geopolitics.
DOI: 10.56429/2414-4894-2024-47-1-96-110

The article describes the fall session of the International Scientific Congress “Globalistics-2023: challenges of artificial intelligence and change of scientific and technological paradigms”, held from October, 23 to October, 27, 2023. Events of the Congress were held in online, mixed and offline formats. The panelists presented their ideas in Russian, English and Chinese. The article is devoted to the results of the spring session of the Congress.
Key words: globalistics, artificial intelligence, Vernadsky, sustainable development, Faculty of Global Studies, Club of Rome, the future of humanity.
DOI: 10.56429/2414-4894-2024-47-1-111-127

The article presents the results of a joint study by Russian and Chinese scientists of the features of the digital economy and digitalization in the Russian Federation and China, Russian-Chinese cooperation through the prism of the global digital economy and hegemony. Adaptation of the materials of the article took place within the framework of the round table (teleconference) of the FGP Lomonosov Moscow State University and Liaoning University on the topic “Development of the Digital Economy in Russia and China” VII International Scientific Congress “GLOBALISTICS-2023” April 24, 2023. The study was conducted on the basis of official documents on the development of the digital economy in Russia and China; statistical data from international and national portals; scientific works of Russian, Chinese and other foreign researchers devoted to the digital transformation and development of the digital economy in Russia and China from the point of view of the global digital economy and hegemony. The research methodology includes interdisciplinary, institutional and economic methods, a comparative analysis of statistical data and content analysis, a method of interpreting new economic concepts and concepts. The results of the study, which are scientific novelty, are, firstly, the positioning of the global digital economy and against its background and in a certain interaction – the national digital economies, Russian and Chinese, which have specific features of digital transformation, digitalization, formation and development of the digital economy. Secondly, the identification of the phenomenon of increasing global digital hegemony. Thirdly, an assessment is given of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of digital development of the economies of both countries. The digital economy of Russia and China is still the driver of economic growth. Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of digital economy, based on a firm contractual platform and the concept of a common peaceful destiny of mankind, will continue despite the digital hegemony from the West.
Key words: global digital economy, relationship between digitalization and globalization, features of the digital economy and digitalization of Russia, features of the digital economy and digitalization of China, Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of digital economy, digital hegemony.
DOI: 10.56429/2414‑4894‑2023‑46‑4‑05‑22

The article attempts to consider the features of religious education in Russia and European countries in the conditions of active informatization of society. In the context of the problem of religion virtualization, various models of religious education in secondary and higher education in European countries are analyzed. The key method of the presented research is a comparative analysis, which allows comparing the models of religious education in Russian Federation and Europe. Analytical reviews, reports of the expert community of Russia and Europe, a large body of scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors on the impact of informatization on religiosity are used as an empirical basis. The article examines the basic approaches to religious education in Russia, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, the countries of Scandinavia and the Balkan region. It is noted that at the moment there is no single European model of religious education, and four basic types of religious education can be distinguished (secular, confessional, non-confessional, mixed). There is an increase in the influence of information technology on the religious sphere over the past 20 years. This process also affected the pedagogical sphere, which manifested itself in “mediatization of religion”. As part of the educational process, this circumstance puts before the teacher the need to improve their digital competence, master new tools of the digital environment and online communication.
Key words: religious education, informatization, online technologies, education in Europe, youth.
DOI: 10.56429/2414‑4894‑2023‑46‑4‑23‑44

The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of global and traditional values on the foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China. Particular attention is paid to the study of the value bases of modern China’s foreign policy goals. The main sources were the materials of the Communist Party of China congresses, speeches by General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping. The points of view and concepts of specialists in the field of Chinese foreign policy were also taken into account. The study uses historical and systematic approaches. The key research method is the analysis of the empirical base, in particular, the materials of the PRC party congresses. In addition, the method of comparative analysis, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used. The influence of Marxist, liberal and traditional (mostly Confucian) values on China’s foreign policy is traced, which is reflected in the conceptual provisions of the foreign policy ideas of the current Chairman of the PRC Xi Jinping at the 18th and 19th CPC Congresses, as well as in the goals of the development of the PRC outlined in the report of the 20th congress. Examining the conceptual points of Xi Jinping’s foreign policy guidelines, it becomes obvious that today the modern foreign policy of the PRC is based on three value “pillars” – Marxist values, traditional values and liberal values. The foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China, based on this value hybrid, can become fertile ground for the implementation of the concept of the “Chinese dream”, the revival of Chinese civilization and the construction of a new world order.
Key words: values, Chinese foreign policy, 20th CPC Congress, Chinese Dream.
DOI: 10.56429/2414‑4894‑2023‑46‑4‑45‑54

In this paper, the author explores the main trends in the implementation of the educational track of British public diplomacy in Japan. The problems that hinder the quality work of British public diplomacy in the framework of the third dimension are considered separately. Emphasis is placed on the activities of the British Council, which is aimed at attracting students and school audiences. Separately, statistics of students coming to Britain from Japan were given. The main areas of cooperation between British and Japanese universities were also highlighted. It was revealed that, despite the low intensity of the work of British organizations in Japan, the educational track of public diplomacy is represented by the British Council, several language centers of the IELTS organization and the RENKEI interuniversity partnership. At the same time, there is a low intensity of student exchanges and the low attractiveness of British universities for Japanese applicants, which acts as a negative indicator of the success of public diplomacy. In the political discourse of Britain and in official documents, Japan, despite the declared “Indo-Pacific tilt”, is represented extremely limited. This illustrates the discrepancy between the new priorities of London’s foreign policy in the context of increasing military and economic ties with Tokyo as a key Asian partner for Western countries. British public diplomacy in Japan has not been fully implemented due to the fact that the British Council and the IELTS organization face a number of “counterweights” natural for Japanese society: a small demand for foreign education for applicants from Japan and a low level of English proficiency at the national level, etc. At the same time, London’s interests are also represented at the level of inter-university partnerships.
Key words: public diplomacy, British Council, UK, Japan, international students.
DOI: 10.56429/2414‑4894‑2023‑46‑4‑55‑66

As energy supplies issues are getting more politicized with Russian enterprises being blotted out from Central and Eastern Europe, the rapid development of the region’s nuclear market provides for the expansion of presence of U.S. energy corporations there. Among these companies is Westinghouse that is revised in the paper – one of the world’s largest exporters of nuclear power plant construction services and fuel. Amongst the methods used in this research is SWOT-analysis that allows to assess actual state of the enterprises of the American commercial nuclear sector in the global market, as well as the factors both constraining and contributing to the development of dialogue with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in this area are pointed out. Based on materials from domestic and foreign scientific publications, as well as statistical data from leading analytical centers, the author comes to the conclusion that the U.S. nuclear industry is in decline and requires greater financial support from the federal government. In this regard, despite the significant potential for strengthening energy ties, the future of Washington’s energy dialogue with the Central and Eastern European states depends primarily on what steps the U.S. administration will take at the national level to support the industry. However, the U.S. position on this market is unlikely to change fundamentally in the medium term.
Key words: Central and Eastern Europe, nuclear energy, energy cooperation, export of civilian nuclear technologies, nuclear fuel, energy dialogue between the USA and European countries.
DOI: 10.56429/2414‑4894‑2023‑46‑4‑67‑84

The article subject is language integration for global communication and transportation systems of the Silk Road countries. Purpose and objectives are to show language integration, cooperation between international organizations, the UN and language regulators of the countries for global transportation and communication systems. The research sources are documents of the UN, international and government agencies, language regulators, language policy legislation in these countries. Statistical, structural, model, institutional and comparative data analysis has been used. Language and culture integration of the Silk Road transportation and communication systems and language atlases have been analyzed. Our linguo-regional classification of languages of 61 countries of the Silk Road by regions such as Asia-Pacific (28 official languages of 27 states), Europe (11 official languages of 12 states), Arab countries (official Arabic and 4 other languages of 19 states), Africa (5 official languages of 3 states), their official languages, numbers of speakers, regulators and websites have been presented. Language policy and information technology integration and problems are reflected in the legislation of the Silk Road countries, the UN, UNESCO, Council of Europe and OSCE documents. The Silk Road ensured cooperation of countries on the basis of linguocultural and information technology integration and thanks to the language regulators, UNESCO, UNWTO efforts in the Development Roadmap for the Silk Road Heritage Conservation.
Key words: Silk Road, linguoregional classification, global communication system, linguistic geography, language atlas, linguistic and information technology integration, UNESCO.
DOI: 10.56429/2414‑4894‑2023‑46‑4‑85‑103